Machine oil is a versatile lubricant primarily used for lubricating lightly loaded, low-speed, or medium-speed mechanical components. Its technical characteristics and applications have become increasingly standardized with industrial development. The following are the core technical points regarding machine oil:
Definition and Classification
Machine oil, short for Total Loss System Oil, refers to lubricating oil that is used once in equipment and not recycled. It is widely used in textile machinery, machine tools, small motors, fans, water pumps, and other equipment.
According to national standards GB 443-1989 and GB 7631.10-92, machine oil is classified into several grades based on its kinematic viscosity at 50℃, falling under the L-AN category (Total Loss System Oil). Common grades include N5, N7, N10, N22, N32, N46, N68, N100, and N150.
High-speed machine oil: Suitable for high-speed, light-load equipment, such as textile spindles (speeds up to 12000 rpm), with low viscosity (e.g., SAE 68).
Ordinary machine oil: Used in general machine tools, small and medium-sized motors, hydraulic presses, etc., with operating temperatures typically below 60℃.
Composition and Manufacturing Process
Machine oil is made from refined mineral base oil with little or no additives. Its main component is petroleum lubricating oil fraction, purified through processes such as dewaxing, solvent refining, and clay treatment.
Typical formulations contain only antioxidants to delay oil oxidation and deterioration, but generally do not emphasize anti-wear properties, rust prevention, or detergency and dispersancy.
Production Process Flow:
Raw Material Selection: Petroleum fractions with a distillation range of 220–350℃;
Refining and Impurity Removal: Solvent extraction or sulfuric acid treatment;
Bleaching with Clay: Removing gums and impurities, improving oil transparency;
Adding Antioxidants: Improving oxidation stability;
Finished Product Testing: Meeting requirements for viscosity, flash point, pour point, etc.
